Abstract

Pooja Gourav, Tirthankar Choudhury

ABSTRACT

Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder marked by increased plasma lipid levels, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This condition is a major factor in serious health issues such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, fatty liver, and cerebrovascular disorders. Conventional treatments like statins and fibrates are effective but often have side effects like liver damage. When there is a problem with the metabolism or transport of lipids, the result is an abnormal rise in plasma lipid levels, a condition known as hyperlipidaemia. As a result of this disorder, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels rise, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol falls. Among the many potential outcomes include arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and impaired vision. In addition to fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, cognitive and cerebrovascular disorders, and other conditions, an excess of lipids can clog blood vessels. A considerable risk factor for coronary heart disease, hyperlipidaemia is also linked to diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity. Liver damage is a typical adverse effect of the anti-hyperlipidemic medications routinely used, such as fibrates, nicotinic acid, and statins. Bioactive compounds produced from plants provide an alternative to conventional medicine that is both natural and associated with fewer side effects. These considerations led to the discovery of phytoconstituents as a potential medicinal agent. It is reasonable to assume that phytochemicals' efficacy in treating hyperlipidaemia is due to their targeting of specific components of lipid metabolism, given that these compounds have several modes of action. There have been several experiments that have revealed components that may reduce blood glucose levels. Polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and steroidal saponins are all examples of bioactive chemicals. Investigating natural compounds and how they lower lipid levels is the main goal of this research. This study serves as a resource for future phytoconstituent research and development by offering an outline of these bioactive components and how they work.