Abstract

Shubham Singh, Akash Lunia, Dr. Rita Mourya, Dr. Shailesh Jain

ABSTRACT

Nanoparticles have revolutionized drug delivery systems by offering unprecedented control over pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review examines the fundamental principles, design strategies, and clinical applications of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. We explore various types of nanoparticles including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, highlighting their unique advantages and limitations. The review discusses critical design parameters such as size, surface charge, and targeting mechanisms that influence therapeutic outcomes. Current challenges including biocompatibility, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory considerations are addressed alongside emerging trends in personalized nanomedicine. Clinical translation successes and failures provide valuable insights into the practical implementation of nanotechnology in therapeutics. The review concludes with future perspectives on smart nanoparticles, theranostic applications, and the integration of artificial intelligence in nanoparticle design.