Harnessing the Power of Medicinal Plants Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens: Mechanisms, Standardization, and Sustainable Development
Momin Mohd. Salman, Dr. Rita Mourya
ABSTRACT
The rising costs of healthcare, particularly in biological therapies, present a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. This comprehensive review examines the role of biosimilars in addressing these cost pressures while maintaining therapeutic standards. Through analysis of market data, clinical studies, and healthcare system implementations, we evaluate the economic impact and clinical effectiveness of biosimilars across various therapeutic areas. The evidence demonstrates that biosimilars typically enter markets at prices 20-30% lower than reference products, with some markets achieving reductions of up to 40%. Healthcare systems implementing biosimilars have reported substantial cost savings, with European systems documenting cumulative savings exceeding €15 billion over five years. Clinical studies involving over 100 million patient-days of exposure have consistently demonstrated therapeutic equivalence and safety profiles comparable to reference products, with no unique safety signals identified through comprehensive post-marketing surveillance programs. The review reveals that successful biosimilar implementation requires careful attention to regulatory frameworks, healthcare provider education, and patient engagement. While development costs ranging from $100-200 million per product present significant barriers to market entry, the projected global market value of $69.5 billion by 2025 suggests continued growth and opportunity. Real-world evidence indicates that biosimilars improve patient access to biological therapies while reducing financial toxicity, particularly benefiting underserved populations. The integration of biosimilars into healthcare systems has enabled resource reallocation to other critical healthcare needs, contributing to more sustainable healthcare delivery models. Future success in biosimilar adoption depends on continued refinement of regulatory frameworks, enhanced educational programs, and sustained investment in research and development. This review concludes that biosimilars represent a viable and effective approach to reducing healthcare costs while maintaining therapeutic standards, with their role likely to expand as healthcare systems evolve. The evidence supports continued development and optimization of biosimilar implementation strategies to maximize their potential benefits for healthcare systems worldwide.
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